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Polyelectrolyte effects in DNA condensation by polyamines

V A Bloomfield, R W Wilson, D C Rau

    Biophysical Chemistry
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Counterion condensation theory reveals T7 bacteriophage DNA collapse occurs when 89-90% of phosphate charges are neutralized. This neutralization overcomes electrostatic repulsion, allowing attractive forces to induce collapse.

    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • T7 bacteriophage DNA is a model system for studying DNA condensation.
    • DNA condensation is crucial for viral packaging and cellular processes.
    • Understanding the forces governing DNA collapse is essential for molecular biology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the conditions for counterion-induced collapse of T7 bacteriophage DNA.
    • To calculate the precise degree of charge neutralization required for DNA collapse.
    • To investigate the interplay of repulsive and attractive forces in DNA collapse.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of Manning's counterion condensation theory.
    • Calculation of electrostatic repulsion using numerical methods and the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.

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  • Analysis of attractive forces, including London dispersion interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • DNA collapse consistently occurs when 89% to 90% of DNA phosphate charges are neutralized by condensed counterions.
    • Polyelectrolyte repulsion is identified as the primary force opposing DNA collapse.
    • London dispersion forces are found to be significant contributors to DNA collapse.

    Conclusions:

    • A striking unity exists in the collapse conditions for T7 bacteriophage DNA, defined by a specific charge neutralization threshold.
    • The balance between electrostatic repulsion and attractive forces, particularly dispersion forces, dictates DNA collapse.
    • Multivalent counterions play a critical role in reducing repulsion and facilitating collapse.