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Bovine paratuberculosis I. A herd study using complement fixation and intradermal tests

G W de Lisle, P Seguin, B S Samagh

    Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine : Revue Canadienne De Medecine Comparee
    |April 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Paratuberculosis control programs using complement fixation and skin tests identified fewer infected cattle than culture. Testing eliminated heavily infected animals but revealed limitations in free stall housing for dairy herds.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary immunology
    • Bovine infectious diseases
    • Dairy cattle health

    Background:

    • Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic infectious disease in cattle.
    • Control programs often rely on serological and skin tests.
    • Effective diagnostics are crucial for herd management and disease eradication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of existing paratuberculosis control program tests.
    • To determine the true infection status of a dairy herd using culture and histology.
    • To assess diagnostic limitations in a free stall housing environment.

    Main Methods:

    • A dairy herd of 102 cattle underwent two years of paratuberculosis control testing.
    • Tests included complement fixation (carbohydrate antigen) and intradermal skin tests (johnin PPD).

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  • Animals were subjected to further herd tests and followed to slaughter for culture and histopathological analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was confirmed in 37 cattle.
    • Only five animals were identified as reactors by the last two herd tests.
    • Culture and histopathology revealed significant under-detection of infected animals by routine tests.

    Conclusions:

    • Current paratuberculosis testing methods, while eliminating heavily infected animals, have limitations.
    • Diagnostic sensitivity may be insufficient for complete herd eradication, especially in free stall settings.
    • Further research into improved diagnostic strategies for paratuberculosis is warranted.