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The difference between serum and plasma complement activity in primary renal disease

Y Akagaki, Y Fujiwara, I Nakanishi

    Clinical Nephrology
    |August 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Low levels of serum complement component 50 (s-CH50) in renal disease patients were linked to cold activation. This cold activation affects the classical complement pathway, impacting C4 and C2 activity.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Nephrology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Low serum CH50 (s-CH50) levels are observed in some primary renal disease patients.
    • A subset of these patients exhibit normal plasma CH50 (p-CH50) despite low s-CH50.
    • This discrepancy suggests an underlying complement system anomaly.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cause of discrepant s-CH50 and p-CH50 levels in renal disease patients.
    • To characterize the complement profile associated with low s-CH50.
    • To determine the mechanism behind the observed complement abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed serum and plasma CH50 levels in patients with primary renal disease.
    • Analyzed hemolytic activities of complement components (C3, C4, C5, C2).

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  • Compared CH50 levels in sera prepared at different temperatures (4°C, room temperature, 37°C).
  • Performed in vitro complement activation assays using patient serum and pooled normal serum.

    • Main Results:

    • 16 out of 574 renal disease patients had low s-CH50; 5 had normal p-CH50.
    • Characteristically, low s-CH50 sera showed reduced C4 and C2 activity, with minimal C3 and C5 reduction.
    • Sera processed at 37°C had near-normal CH50, while those at room temperature and 4°C showed significantly decreased CH50.
    • Patient serum induced cold-dependent C4 consumption in normal serum.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed difference in CH50 levels is attributed to cold activation of the classical complement pathway in vitro.
    • This phenomenon is linked to specific complement component deficiencies (C4, C2) in affected patients.
    • Cold activation represents a potential factor influencing complement assessment in renal disease.