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Glomerular dynamics in rats with hereditary hydronephrosis

H D Humes, R A Dieppa, B M Brenner

    Investigative Urology
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hereditary hydronephrosis in rats maintains normal filtration rates through increased glomerular pressure, despite reduced plasma flow. This condition also causes urinary concentrating and sodium conserving defects, alongside kidney stones.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Physiology
    • Urology

    Background:

    • Vesicoureteric reflux can cause hereditary hydronephrosis.
    • Understanding the impact of hydronephrosis on kidney function is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of hereditary hydronephrosis on renal function in Sprague-Dawley rats.
    • To determine the mechanisms maintaining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hydronephrotic kidneys.

    Main Methods:

    • Micropuncture studies were conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats with hereditary hydronephrosis.
    • Metabolic studies were performed to assess renal function and abnormalities.

    Main Results:

    • Whole kidney and single nephron GFR were similar in hydronephrotic and nonhydronephrotic rats.

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  • Elevated glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure offset reduced plasma flow and potential decreases in the ultrafiltration coefficient.
  • Hydronephrotic rats exhibited urinary concentrating defects, sodium conserving defects, and calcium apatite nephrolithiasis.

    • Conclusions:

    • Glomerular filtration rate is preserved in hereditary hydronephrosis.
    • Compensatory mechanisms, primarily increased glomerular hydraulic pressure, maintain GFR.
    • Hydronephrosis is associated with significant secondary renal functional impairments.