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Learned helplessness in social situations

T E Goetz, C S Dweck

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

|August 1, 1980

Summary

Children who attribute rejection to personal incompetence show disrupted social behavior, regardless of popularity. Understanding these cognitive attributions is key to addressing social difficulties and improving problem-solving skills in children.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Social Psychology
Child Psychology

Background:

Current research on children's social adjustment often focuses on social skills differences or interventions for withdrawn children.
Helplessness in social situations is linked to the perceived inability to overcome rejection, influenced by causal attributions for rejection.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore children's responses to social rejection across different popularity levels.
To investigate the relationship between attributions for rejection and subsequent goal-directed behavior.
To understand the role of cognitive mediators in children's social relations and problem-solving abilities.

Main Methods:

Examined causal attributions for rejection in children.
Assessed behavioral responses (withdrawal and perseveration) following rejection.
Analyzed responses across varying levels of children's social popularity.

Main Results:

Individual differences in attributions for rejection correlate with disruptions in goal-directed behavior post-rejection.
Attributing rejection to personal incompetence led to the most severe disruption in seeking social approval, irrespective of popularity.
Cognitive factors significantly mediate overt social behavior and problem-solving capacity when facing social difficulties.

Conclusions:

Children's cognitive attributions for rejection play a crucial role in their social adjustment and behavioral responses.
The tendency to attribute rejection to personal incompetence is a significant predictor of social withdrawal and perseveration.
Future research should consider cognitive mediators and problem-solving abilities in the context of children's social development.

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