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The biopsychosocial model: its future for the internist

S N Swisher

    Psychosomatic Medicine
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    The biopsychosocial model needs expansion to include the human environmental context for comprehensive patient care. This evolution builds upon George Engel

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Sociology
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The biopsychosocial model, a cornerstone in patient care, integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.
    • Past advocacy for a holistic patient view offers lessons for model refinement.
    • George Engel's contributions are foundational to the current biopsychosocial framework.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To advocate for the explicit broadening of the biopsychosocial model.
    • To incorporate the human environmental context into the existing framework.
    • To guide future extensions of this fundamental model of patient care.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis and synthesis of existing medical and sociological frameworks.
    • Review of historical advocacy for comprehensive patient models.
    • Extrapolation of lessons learned from the development of the biopsychosocial model.

    Main Results:

    • Identified the necessity for including the human environmental context within the biopsychosocial model.
    • Proposed a framework for extending the model based on historical precedents.
    • Highlighted the intellectual significance of the biopsychosocial model in contemporary medicine.

    Conclusions:

    • The biopsychosocial model requires explicit expansion to encompass environmental influences.
    • This extension is crucial for a more complete understanding of patient health and illness.
    • Further development of the model represents a significant intellectual advancement in medicine.

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