Provisional model for propagation of electrical activity in upper urinary tract

A theory on the function of the renal pelvis as a pacemaker for ureteral peristalsis is given. The bioengineering "black box" approach is used to describe peristaltic behavior monitored at the ureter and thr renal pelvis, by both peristaltic pressure and electromyographic methods. The model provides a stimulus to further thought on the nature and significance of electrical activity in the upper urinary tract.