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Taste hedonics and thresholds in obesity

R Malcolm, P M O'Neil, A A Hirsch

    International Journal of Obesity
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Obesity and taste perception show complex links. This study found no differences in taste sensitivity or preference between obese and non-obese women, but expectancy ratings differed for sweet and sour tastes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Psychology
    • Nutrition Science

    Background:

    • Previous research on taste and obesity primarily focused on sweet taste, yielding inconclusive results.
    • Understanding taste perception differences across various tastes is crucial for different obesity types.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare taste sensitivity and hedonic responses to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions in adult-onset obese, juvenile-onset obese, and never-obese females.
    • To investigate the role of taste expectancy in different obesity phenotypes.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of detection, recognition thresholds, and hedonic ratings for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions.
    • Analysis of individual hedonic responses to increasing concentrations of sucrose solutions.
    • Examination of hedonic ratings for below-threshold concentrations as indices of cognitive and affective responses.

    Main Results:

    • No significant differences were found in taste detection, recognition thresholds, or hedonic ratings of supra-threshold concentrations across the groups for any taste.
    • Two patterns of hedonic responses to sucrose were observed, but not for other tastes.
    • Adult-onset obese subjects showed higher expectancy hedonic ratings for sweet and sour tastes compared to other groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Taste sensitivity and preference do not reliably differentiate between obese and never-obese individuals.
    • Expectancy ratings, reflecting cognitive and affective responses to expected taste properties, may play a role in specific obesity types, particularly adult-onset obesity.
    • Future research should explore expectancy ratings and taste roles in diverse obese populations.

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