Primary vaginal stones

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Gynecology
• Pathology

Background:

• Urinary tract calculi rarely form outside the urinary system.
• Vaginal calculi are exceptionally uncommon in female subjects, with only 26 cases previously reported.
• These stones can be primary (formed in the vagina) or secondary (around a foreign body).

Observation:

• Primary vaginal stones result from continuous urinary salt deposition due to urinary leakage into the vagina.
• Associated conditions include vesicovaginal fistulas, urethrovaginal fistulas, ectopic ureters, and neurogenic bladders.
• Secondary vaginal stones may form around foreign bodies or migrate from the bladder through vesicovaginal septum ulceration.

Findings:

• Most reported vaginal calculi are primary, composed of struvite, and associated with vesicovaginal fistulas.
• The study details two unique cases of primary vaginal calculi in patients with vesicovaginal fistulas.
• This highlights the rarity and specific etiology of these formations.

Implications:

• Understanding the pathogenesis of vaginal calculi is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
• Vesicovaginal fistulas are a significant predisposing factor for primary vaginal stone formation.
• Further case reports are valuable for elucidating the clinical spectrum and management of this rare condition.