Neurotransmitter enzymes in telencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum during the entire life span of the mouse

Neurochemical analysis of neuronal function was undertaken by measuring the activities of cholinacetyltransferase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), in the telencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum of the mouse. Cholinergic activity was first expressed in the 10-day embryonic brain stem, which showed a relatively high CAT activity at birth. Postnatal brain stem development was characterized by a rapid and parallel increase in CAT and AChE. Although AChE peaked at 1 month, CAT activity was no achieved until 1 year. Acetylcholine synthesis was initiated in the 12-day embryonic telencephalon and a steady age-related increase in CAT was maintained until birth. A lag in both CAT and AChE activities was recorded during the first week of postnatal telencephalon development. Cerebellar CAT was low at birth, and increased irregularly to reach a maximum by 1 month. In contrast, postnatal cerebellar AChE activity increased steadily over the same time period. The GABA-ergic neuronal system matured rapidly in each brain region, and was unaffected by aging. Although the brain stem precociously expressed cholinergic activity, it wa the region most susceptible to deterioration during aging. Telencephalon CAT activity was unaffected by aging and in the cerebellum, a significantly reduced level of CAT was only found in truly senescent animals. The decreased cholinergic function during senescence was not due to either increased proteolysis or to alteration in the molecular form of the cholinergic enzymes.