Variations in extraocular muscle number and structure in craniofacial dysostosis

Five of 12 patients with craniofacial dysostosis who needed strabismus surgery had anomalies of extraocular muscle structure and number. Two cul-de-sac incisions per eye are sufficient to investigate all muscles for anomalies and add little time or risk to the planned strabismus procedure. The origin of these anomalies and their frequency in craniofacial stenosis are unknown.