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Related Experiment Videos

Reference sample microsphere method: cardiac output and blood flows in conscious rat

S Ishise, B L Pegram, J Yamamoto

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |October 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    The reference sample method (RSM) reliably measures cardiac output (CO) and hemodynamics in rats. This validation confirms RSM accuracy and reproducibility for systemic and regional blood flow assessments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Cardiovascular Research
    • Methodology Validation

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of cardiac output (CO) and hemodynamic parameters is crucial in rodent research.
    • The reference sample method (RSM) using microspheres requires validation for reliability in rats.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To validate the reference sample method (RSM) for measuring cardiac output (CO) and regional blood flow in rats.
    • To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of RSM under various physiological conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Simultaneous measurement of CO using RSM and electromagnetic flowmetry in anesthetized rats.
    • Determination of hemodynamic reproducibility in conscious rats after serial microsphere injections.
    • Optimization of microsphere sampling time and rate.

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    Main Results:

    • Accurate CO determination requires at least 200 microspheres per reference sample.
    • Microsphere trapping by tissues is nearly complete within 20 seconds.
    • Hemodynamic stability is maintained except under low CO states with high sampling rates.
    • Repeated microsphere injections do not affect systemic hemodynamics in conscious rats.
    • Good reproducibility of regional blood flow was observed in most organs, with exceptions in the liver, stomach, spleen, and skin.

    Conclusions:

    • The reference sample method (RSM) is a reliable technique for assessing systemic and regional hemodynamics in rats.
    • RSM provides reasonable accuracy and reproducibility for cardiovascular research in rodent models.