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Neurologic complications of thyroid dysfunction

T Kudrjavcev

    Advances in Neurology
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Thyroid dysfunction, including thyrotoxicosis and myxedema, presents with varying morbidity rates and neuromuscular symptoms. Hyperthyroid patients commonly experience muscle weakness, while hypothyroid patients may show cerebellar dysfunction and cognitive impairments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Thyroid dysfunction encompasses thyrotoxicosis and myxedema, conditions with documented incidence rates in England, Wales, and the United States.
    • Graves' disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism, has a notable incidence in specific populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the morbidity rates and clinical manifestations of thyroid dysfunction.
    • To detail the neuromuscular and neurological symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing epidemiological data on thyroid dysfunction incidence.
    • Compilation of reported clinical findings, including muscle weakness, ophthalmoplegia, psychosis, and myasthenia gravis in hyperthyroid patients.
    • Analysis of neurological manifestations in hypothyroid patients, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, myopathy, polyneuropathy, cerebellar dysfunction, and cognitive changes.

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    Main Results:

    • Thyrotoxicosis incidence rates vary by region and study period (e.g., 1.1 per 1,000 in England and Wales, 0.16 per 1,000 in the US).
    • Over 50% of hyperthyroid patients exhibit muscle weakness; severe weakness, ophthalmoplegia, and psychosis are less common.
    • Hypothyroid patients present with a range of neurological issues, including polyneuropathy (18%), myopathy (6%), and varying degrees of cerebellar dysfunction and cognitive impairment.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid dysfunction is associated with a spectrum of neuromuscular and neurological complications.
    • Further rigorous studies are needed to fully elucidate the morbidity and precise incidence of these manifestations.