Forehead and scalp reconstruction after wide-field resection of skin carcinoma

Full-thickness defects of the forehead and scalp after excision of extensive skin carcinomas are a reconstructive challenge. With loss of periosteum, bone can be covered by skin grafts after altering the outer table of the skull or by flaps. Axial subcutaneous fascial flaps and crane tissue methods are alternative techniques; clinical experience has elucidated their indications, benefits, and limitations.