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Autolymphocytotoxins in syphilis

N J de Jong, J A Koehorst, J J van der Sluis

The British Journal of Venereal Diseases

|October 1, 1980

Summary

Cold-reacting autolymphocytotoxic reactivity was observed in syphilis patients, particularly those with secondary syphilis. This reactivity, linked to the humoral immune response, decreased after treatment.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Syphilology

Background:

Syphilis is a complex sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum.
The immune response in syphilis is multifaceted, involving both humoral and cellular immunity.
Autolymphocytotoxic reactivity, a form of immune response against one's own lymphocytes, has been noted in various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and characteristics of cold-reacting autolymphocytotoxic reactivity in patients with different stages of syphilis.
To determine the relationship between this reactivity and the humoral immune response in syphilis.

Main Methods:

Serum samples from patients with primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis were tested for complement-dependent autolymphocytotoxic reactivity at 15°C.
Lymphocytotoxins were characterized using Sephadex G-200 gel filtration.
Reactivity was correlated with antibody titers from standard syphilis diagnostic tests (Reiter protein complement-fixation and Wassermann-Kolmer).

Main Results:

Cold-reacting autolymphocytotoxic reactivity was detected in a significant proportion of patients, with higher prevalence in secondary syphilis.
The reactivity was observed against both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes.
Gel filtration identified lymphocytotoxins within the IgM-containing fraction.
A positive correlation was found between high antibody titers in syphilis tests and the frequency of cold-reacting autolymphocytotoxins.

Conclusions:

Cold-reacting autolymphocytotoxic reactivity is a feature of the humoral immune response in syphilis.
This reactivity may serve as a marker associated with the immune response to Treponema pallidum infection.
The findings suggest a link between lymphocytotoxic antibodies and the overall immune status in syphilis patients.

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