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Alternate lunch patterns in high schools. IV. Nutritive value

G R Jansen, C T Shigetomi, S D Mackin

    Journal of the American Dietetic Association
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    School lunches planned with Type A, Basic 4, or free-choice patterns showed similar nutrient levels to the Type A "offer versus serve" pattern. However, lunches consumed by both boys and girls were often deficient in key nutrients like iron.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition Science
    • Public Health
    • Dietary Assessment

    Background:

    • Evaluating the nutritional quality of school meal programs is crucial for student health.
    • Different menu planning approaches may impact the nutrient intake of adolescents.
    • The Type A "offer versus serve" (OVS) pattern is a common method in school lunch planning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the nutritive value of school lunches planned using Type A, Basic 4, and free-choice patterns.
    • To assess nutrient adequacy of consumed lunches under different menu planning strategies.
    • To identify potential nutrient shortfalls in adolescent diets within school settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Nutritional analysis of lunches from 48 high schools.
    • Comparison of nutrient levels across Type A, Basic 4, free-choice, and Type A OVS menu planning patterns.

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  • Assessment of nutrient intake as consumed by male and female students.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant difference in nutrient levels was found between Type A, Basic 4, free-choice, and Type A OVS planned lunches.
    • Consumed lunches were significantly below target goals for calories, thiamin, and iron for boys across all planning groups.
    • Consumed lunches were significantly below the goal for iron for girls.

    Conclusions:

    • Current school lunch menu planning methods, including OVS, do not significantly alter the overall nutrient profile of planned meals.
    • Adolescents, particularly boys, experience significant nutrient shortfalls in calories, thiamin, and iron from school lunches.
    • Iron deficiency is a concern for both adolescent boys and girls participating in school lunch programs.