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The relation between gastrin, gastric acid and thyroid function disorders

W M Wiersinga, J L Touber

    Acta Endocrinologica
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyrotoxic hypergastrinaemia, or high gastrin levels in hyperthyroidism, was observed in many patients. This condition is not solely explained by reduced gastric acid output, even in those with achlorhydria.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Hyperthyroidism is associated with altered gastrointestinal function.
    • Elevated gastrin levels (hypergastrinaemia) have been anecdotally reported in hyperthyroid patients.
    • The relationship between thyroid hormones, gastric acid secretion, and gastrin levels requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of hypergastrinaemia in untreated hyperthyroid patients.
    • To examine the relationship between plasma gastrin, triiodothyronine (T3), and gastric acid output in hyperthyroidism.
    • To assess the impact of normalizing thyroid function on gastrin and gastric acid levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed plasma gastrin and gastric acid output in 24 untreated hyperthyroid patients.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigated the feedback mechanism of gastric acid on gastrin release via acid instillation.
  • Re-evaluated gastrin and acid output in 16 patients after achieving euthyroid status.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypergastrinaemia was present in 11 of 24 untreated hyperthyroid patients; 7 had co-existent atrophic gastritis.
    • In 17 patients, plasma T3 correlated positively with plasma gastrin and negatively with gastric acid output.
    • Following treatment, plasma gastrin significantly decreased (P < 0.002) and maximal acid output significantly increased (P < 0.01), yet hypergastrinaemia persisted in some achlorhydric patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyrotoxic hypergastrinaemia is a notable finding in a subset of hyperthyroid patients.
    • The observed hypergastrinaemia in hyperthyroidism cannot be fully attributed to reduced gastric acid secretion.
    • Thyroid hormone levels and gastric acid output are related to gastrin, but other factors likely contribute to hypergastrinaemia in thyrotoxicosis.