Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
09:46

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Published on: May 19, 2019

The effect of temperature on phenol degradation in wastewater

G R Vela, J R Ralston

    Canadian Journal of Microbiology
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation08:30

    A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation

    Published on: October 6, 2022

    Temperature Response of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Rates: Construction and Applications of a Temperature Gradient Block07:46

    Temperature Response of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Rates: Construction and Applications of a Temperature Gradient Block

    Published on: January 30, 2026

    Related Concept Videos

    Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate02:28

    Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate

    The Arrhenius equation,
    Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

    Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

    Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
    Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
    Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

    Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

    Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
    Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

    Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

    Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
    Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

    Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

    In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
    o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
    Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

    Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

    Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...