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Evaluating promulgated refinery effluent standards using artificial streams

R A Honig, A L Buikema

    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
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    Artificial Refinery Mixture (ARM) at higher concentrations stimulated periphyton growth. While 1977 USEPA guidelines may protect structural integrity, 1983 guidelines are needed for taxonomic integrity of periphyton communities.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Ecology
    • Aquatic Biology

    Background:

    • Refinery effluents contain complex mixtures (ARM) that can impact aquatic ecosystems.
    • Previous studies assessed the effects of specific pollutants, but the impact of combined effluent components on periphyton is less understood.
    • Regulatory guidelines for refinery effluents have evolved, necessitating updated assessments of their efficacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effects of an Artificial Refinery Mixture (ARM) on periphyton communities in laboratory streams.
    • To determine if nontaxonomic structural parameters are sensitive indicators of water quality changes due to ARM exposure.
    • To assess the adequacy of 1977 and 1983 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines for protecting periphyton communities.

    Main Methods:

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    • Periphyton communities were cultured on glass slides in laboratory streams exposed to varying concentrations of ARM (0.25X to 5X full strength) for two weeks.
    • Nontaxonomic structural parameters including ash-free dry weight, chlorophyll a, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured.
    • Dominant algal taxa and community structure shifts were analyzed.
    • Comparison of results with 1977 and 1983 USEPA guidelines.

    Main Results:

    • ARM concentrations from 1X to 5X stimulated periphyton colonization rates.
    • ARM exposure (0.25X to 5X) induced a shift from diatoms to green algae, leading to higher pH in reference streams.
    • Nontaxonomic parameters (dry weight, chlorophyll a, ATP) were not sensitive indicators of water quality changes in pre-colonized slides.
    • Dry weight was unreliable due to high suspended solids in ARM.

    Conclusions:

    • The 1977 USEPA guidelines may be sufficient to maintain the nontaxonomic structural integrity of periphyton communities.
    • The 1983 USEPA guidelines appear adequate for preserving the taxonomic integrity of periphyton communities.
    • Nontaxonomic parameters are not reliable indicators of water quality impacts from complex refinery effluents like ARM.