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Related Experiment Videos

Semantic activation during memory encoding across the adult life span

D V Howard, M I Lasaga, M P McAndrews

    Journal of Gerontology
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Automatic cognitive processes remain stable throughout adulthood. This study found that semantic interference effects in the Stroop task do not change with age, supporting the hypothesis that automatic processes are preserved in older adults.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Neuroscience of Aging

    Background:

    • Automatic cognitive processes are crucial for daily functioning.
    • Investigating age-related changes in automatic processes is important for understanding cognitive aging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test the hypothesis that automatic processes do not change during aging.
    • To examine semantic interference effects in different age groups using a modified Stroop task.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed Warren's (1972) modification of the Stroop procedure.
    • Included three age groups: young (20-39), middle (40-59), and old (60-79), with 14 participants each.
    • Assessed color naming latencies while participants held category members in memory.

    Main Results:

    • All age groups exhibited longer color naming latencies when the base item was semantically related to memory list items.
    • Semantic interference effects were consistent across young, middle, and old adult groups.
    • Findings align with network theories of long-term memory, indicating semantic activation.

    Conclusions:

    • Acquired automatic processes appear to be preserved and do not deteriorate with aging.
    • Holding words in working memory activates related semantic nodes, a process consistent across adulthood.
    • Cognitive aging may not significantly impact certain fundamental automatic cognitive functions.

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