Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Pathology

Background:

• Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, chronic granulomatous inflammation of the kidney.
• It is often associated with infection and obstruction, presenting a diagnostic challenge.

Observation:

• Two cases of XGP in Arab patients are presented.
• Clinical presentation lacked pathognomonic features, mimicking a renal mass.

Findings:

• The reported cases align with previously documented XGP presentations in the literature.
• Histopathological examination is crucial for definitive diagnosis.

Implications:

• XGP should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with a renal mass, especially in relevant demographics.
• Early consideration can aid in appropriate management and treatment planning.