Skin blood flow in humans as a function of environmental temperature measured by ultrasound

We have measured the blood velocities in arteries supplying the skin in humans both in areas with arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) and in skin areas without AVA in different temperature situations by means of a pulsed, bidirectional doppler ultrasound instrument. The instrument measures the time average of the instantaneous mean of the blood velocities present in a cross-section of a vessel. So long as the cross-sectional area of the vessel is constant, this average velocity is proportional to volume flow. We observe rapid and large fluctuations in blood velocities in arteries supplying skin areas with AVA in a comfortably warm environment. These fluctuations are substantially larger and more rapid than described by previous authors who have used plethysmograph methods. The blood velocities are more constant both at higher and lower environmental temperatures. There are no similar fluctuations in blood velocity in arteries supplying skin areas without AVA.