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Night terrors. Clinical characteristics and personality patterns

J D Kales, A Kales, C R Soldatos

    Archives of General Psychiatry
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adult night terrors are linked to later onset and more frequent episodes compared to sleepwalking. Psychological factors, including anxiety and depression, play a significant role in adult-onset night terrors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sleep Medicine
    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Night terrors and sleepwalking are parasomnias that can persist into adulthood.
    • Adult-onset parasomnias are often associated with underlying psychological distress.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the clinical course and personality patterns of adults with night terrors.
    • To compare night terrors with sleepwalking in adults.

    Main Methods:

    • A study involving 40 adult patients with current night terror complaints.
    • Comparison between patients with night terrors and a group of adult sleepwalkers.

    Main Results:

    • Adult night terrors presented with later onset, higher frequency, and earlier episode timing than sleepwalking.

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  • Both groups exhibited high psychopathology, with night terror patients showing more severe symptoms.
  • Night terror patients displayed inhibited aggression, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive traits, and phobic tendencies, unlike the outwardly directed behaviors of sleepwalkers.

    • Conclusions:

    • While childhood parasomnias have genetic and developmental links, adult-onset or persistent night terrors and sleepwalking are more strongly associated with psychological factors.
    • Personality patterns in adult night terrors are characterized by internalizing symptoms and inhibited aggression.