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Peripheral airway function in antigen-induced bronchoconstriction

T Ahmed, R J Mezey, R J Fernandez

    Bulletin Europeen De Physiopathologie Respiratoire
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Peripheral airway dysfunction is common in asymptomatic asthma patients with ragweed hypersensitivity. Volume of isoflow (VisoV) may better detect airway changes during antigen challenge than specific airway conductance (SGaw).

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Background:

    • Asymptomatic asthma patients with ragweed hypersensitivity often exhibit underlying airway abnormalities.
    • Assessing airway function in these individuals requires sensitive and specific diagnostic tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the density dependence of expiratory flow, functional residual capacity (FRC), and specific airway conductance (SGaw) in subjects with asthma and ragweed hypersensitivity.
    • To evaluate the changes in these parameters during bronchial provocation with ragweed and after isoetharine inhalation.
    • To determine the sensitivity of the volume of isoflow (VisoV) as an indicator of airway response.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 16 asymptomatic subjects with asthma and ragweed hypersensitivity.

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  • Measured maximum expiratory flow-volume curves, FRC, and SGaw before and during ragweed challenge.
  • Administered isoetharine and reassessed parameters.
  • Analyzed VisoV in relation to FRC and forced vital capacity.

    • Main Results:

    • Baseline VisoV exceeded 20% of forced vital capacity in 10 subjects.
    • Antigen challenge increased VisoV in all subjects.
    • A significant decrease in SGaw (>35%) was observed in "reactors," suggesting central and peripheral airway constriction.
    • A smaller decrease in SGaw (<20%) in "non-reactors" indicated primarily peripheral airway constriction.
    • Isoetharine improved SGaw and decreased VisoV, indicating bronchodilation in both central and peripheral airways.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripheral airway dysfunction is prevalent in asymptomatic asthma patients with ragweed hypersensitivity.
    • Volume of isoflow (VisoV) may be a more sensitive marker of airway response during antigen challenge than SGaw.
    • The beta-adrenergic agonist isoetharine effectively dilates both central and peripheral airways post-antigen challenge.