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Experimental atrophic rhinitis in gnotobiotic pigs

O P Miniats, J A Johnson

    Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine : Revue Canadienne De Medecine Comparee
    |October 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Different Bordetella bronchiseptica strains cause varying degrees of turbinate atrophy in pigs, with some strains and Pasteurella multocida potentially increasing lesion severity. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not cause atrophic rhinitis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Microbiology
    • Swine Pathology

    Background:

    • Atrophic rhinitis is a significant swine respiratory disease.
    • The etiological agents of atrophic rhinitis are not fully understood.
    • Bordetella bronchiseptica is a suspected causative agent.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the pathogenicity of different Bordetella bronchiseptica strains in germfree pigs.
    • To determine the role of other bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in atrophic rhinitis.
    • To assess the combined effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida.

    Main Methods:

    • Germfree pigs were inoculated intranasally with specific bacterial strains or combinations.
    • Animals were monitored for clinical signs, bacteriology, and serology.
    • Gross and histopathological examination of respiratory organs was performed.

    Main Results:

    • Bordetella bronchiseptica strains induced nasal inflammation and serum antibody responses.
    • Strain J caused sneezing and turbinate atrophy; strain L caused mortality and atrophy.
    • Strains B and 55B did not cause atrophy alone, but co-infection with Pasteurella multocida led to atrophy.
    • Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not induce nasal lesions.

    Conclusions:

    • There is strain variation in Bordetella bronchiseptica's ability to cause turbinate atrophy.
    • Pasteurella multocida may exacerbate atrophic rhinitis lesions.
    • Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are unlikely primary causes of atrophic rhinitis.

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