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Morphological muscle characteristics in rowers

L Larsson, A Forsberg

    Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences. Journal Canadien Des Sciences Appliquees Au Sport
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Senior rowers exhibit muscle fiber characteristics favoring aerobic capacity, with elite athletes showing more pronounced traits. This muscle morphology supports the high aerobic demands of competitive rowing.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Science
    • Muscle Physiology
    • Exercise Biology

    Background:

    • Competitive rowing demands exceptional aerobic capacity and muscular strength.
    • Previous studies confirm high aerobic and strength levels in elite rowers.
    • Understanding the underlying muscle morphology is crucial for optimizing performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the muscle fiber type composition and capillary density in elite senior rowers.
    • To correlate muscle morphology with the level of athletic competition (international vs. national).
    • To discuss the implications of muscle morphology for rowing performance and training.

    Main Methods:

    • Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis and deltoid muscles of twelve senior rowers.

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  • Histochemical analyses were performed to assess fiber type predominance, fiber area, and capillary supply.
  • Aerobic capacity and muscular strength were evaluated (as reported in previous studies and confirmed here).

    • Main Results:

    • A predominance of oxidative type I muscle fibers and a low content of glycolytic type IIB fibers were observed.
    • Large muscle fiber areas and a high density of surrounding capillaries were noted.
    • These morphological trends were more pronounced in internationally competitive rowers compared to nationally competitive ones.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed muscle morphology, characterized by oxidative fibers and high capillary density, aligns with the high aerobic demands of competitive rowing.
    • A potential contradiction exists between the observed fiber type distribution (favoring aerobic) and the requirement for high muscular strength (often associated with type II fibers).
    • The study highlights the need to consider the interplay between muscle morphology, training adaptations, and performance in elite rowers.