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Related Experiment Videos

High-altitude retinopathy

D M McFadden, C S Houston, J R Sutton

    JAMA
    |February 13, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High-altitude exposure caused normal vascular changes and abnormal high-altitude retinopathy in healthy subjects. Exercise exacerbated these retinal hemorrhages, indicating a significant risk at extreme altitudes.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Altitude Medicine
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • High-altitude exposure presents physiological challenges.
    • Hypoxia at extreme altitudes can affect ocular structures.
    • Understanding altitude-related ocular changes is crucial for safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate ocular changes in healthy subjects at high altitude (5,360 m).
    • To assess the impact of exercise on altitude-induced retinopathy.
    • To characterize the incidence and nature of high-altitude retinopathy.

    Main Methods:

    • Ophthalmoscopy and retinal photography were performed on 39 healthy subjects before and after altitude exposure.
    • Visual acuity, scotomata, and capillary leakage were assessed in 20 subjects.

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  • Retinal changes were evaluated after maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer.

    • Main Results:

    • All subjects exhibited normal hypoxic responses: vascular engorgement, tortuosity, and disc hyperemia.
    • High-altitude retinopathy was observed in 56% of subjects (retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots).
    • Exercise significantly increased hemorrhage incidence, with fluorescein leakage noted in 8/20 subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Vascular changes at altitude are a normal hypoxic response.
    • High-altitude retinopathy, including hemorrhages, represents an abnormal reaction.
    • Exercise can induce or worsen retinal hemorrhages at high altitudes, posing a risk.