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Hepatic gluconeogenesis in chickens

A J Dickson, D R Langslow

    Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
    |December 22, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chicken hepatocytes perform gluconeogenesis, producing glucose but not significant glycogen. Pyruvate metabolism is impaired in starved chickens due to mitochondrial enzyme location, affecting glucose production. Glucagon stimulates this process.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Animal Physiology

    Background:

    • Gluconeogenesis is a vital metabolic pathway for glucose production.
    • Understanding precursor effectiveness and hormonal regulation is key to metabolic control.
    • Chicken liver metabolism presents unique enzymatic characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate gluconeogenesis in isolated chicken hepatocytes.
    • To compare precursor effectiveness for glucose synthesis.
    • To elucidate the role of cytosolic NADH and enzyme localization in chicken gluconeogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolated chicken and rat hepatocytes were used for comparative studies.
    • Gluconeogenesis rates were measured using various precursors.

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  • The impact of glucagon and cyclic AMP on gluconeogenesis was assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Hepatocytes released glucose but synthesized minimal glycogen.
    • Pyruvate gluconeogenesis was impaired in starved chickens due to limited cytosolic NADH.
    • Glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated gluconeogenesis from multiple precursors.

    Conclusions:

    • Chicken liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase's mitochondrial location impacts gluconeogenesis.
    • In vivo precursor effectiveness generally correlates with hepatic gluconeogenesis.
    • Isolated hepatocytes provide a valuable model for studying avian hepatic metabolism.