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Fat embolism syndrome. Changing prognosis

C A Guenter, T E Braun

    Chest
    |February 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Fat embolism syndrome (FES) can be severe, but modern treatments offer a good prognosis. This study found no deaths in patients treated with oxygen, ventilation, and corticosteroids.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical research
    • Clinical studies
    • Trauma care

    Background:

    • Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious post-traumatic complication.
    • Historically, FES has been associated with high mortality rates.
    • Recent therapeutic advancements suggest a potentially improved patient outlook.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the prognosis of posttraumatic fat embolism syndrome.
    • To assess the impact of modern therapeutic interventions on FES outcomes.
    • To compare current findings with historical mortality data for FES.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 54 patients diagnosed with posttraumatic FES between 1968 and 1977.
    • Diagnostic criteria included fever, hypoxemia, pulmonary infiltrates, altered sensorium, and petechiae.
    • Therapeutic interventions comprised supplemental oxygen, assisted ventilation with PEEP, and corticosteroids.

    Main Results:

    • All 54 patients survived the study period, with zero mortality.
    • Key diagnostic indicators were consistently observed across the patient cohort.
    • Therapies administered included oxygen (100%), assisted ventilation (9%), and corticosteroids (13%).

    Conclusions:

    • Posttraumatic FES, when managed with modern therapeutic approaches, has a favorable prognosis.
    • The absence of mortality in this cohort contrasts with previously reported high fatality rates.
    • Patients without coexisting life-threatening conditions demonstrate a good outlook with contemporary FES management.

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