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Characterization of plasmids in halobacteria

F Pfeifer, G Weidinger, W Goebel

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Halobacteria contain extrachromosomal DNA called plasmids, which vary in size and sequence. Some halobacteria species lack plasmids but have integrated chromosomal DNA sequences similar to plasmids, indicating diverse genetic structures in these extremophiles.

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    Microbiology (Reading, England)·2007

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Genetics
    • Extremophile Research

    Background:

    • Halobacteria are extremophilic archaea known for unique adaptations.
    • Extrachromosomal DNA, specifically plasmids, has been previously identified in some halobacteria species.
    • Purple membrane (Pum+) and bacterioruberin (Rub+) synthesis are characteristic features of certain halobacteria strains.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and nature of extrachromosomal DNA (plasmids) in various halobacteria species.
    • To compare the genetic relatedness of plasmids and chromosomal sequences across different halobacteria strains.
    • To identify potential variations in genetic organization among halobacteria exhibiting similar phenotypic traits (Pum+, Rub+).

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and characterization of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid (cccDNA) from halobacteria strains.
    • DNA sequencing and homology analysis to compare plasmid and chromosomal DNA.
    • Phenotypic characterization (Pum+, Rub+ synthesis) and morphological/physiological criteria assessment.

    Main Results:

    • Three strains of Halobacterium halobium and one of Halobacterium cutirubrum (all Pum+, Rub+) possess plasmids of varying sizes with significant sequence homology.
    • Halobacterium salinarium, Halobacterium capanicum, and two Tunisian isolates (also Pum+, Rub+) lack cccDNA but contain chromosomal sequences homologous to the pHH1 plasmid.
    • Halobacterium trapanicum, Halobacterium volcanii, and an Israeli isolate (Pum-, Rub-) do not harbor pHH1-like sequences and possess unrelated plasmids.

    Conclusions:

    • Halobacteria exhibit diverse genetic structures regarding extrachromosomal DNA and integrated sequences.
    • The presence of pHH1-like sequences in the chromosome of some strains suggests horizontal gene transfer or integration events.
    • Distinct genetic profiles correlate with observed morphological and physiological differences among halobacteria species.

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