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Opsonizing antibodies in human typhoid fever

J L Vildé, E Bouvet

Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Immunology

|July 1, 1980

Summary

Factors promoting Salmonella typhi phagocytosis by immune cells were found in typhoid fever patients. These heat-stable, specific antibodies likely aid human resistance to Salmonella infection.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever, a significant global health concern.
Understanding host immune responses is crucial for developing effective treatments and vaccines.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes play a key role in clearing bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize factors in patient sera that enhance Salmonella typhi phagocytosis.
To elucidate the mechanism of action and specificity of these phagocytosis-promoting factors.

Main Methods:

Analysis of sera from patients at various stages of typhoid fever.
Assays to detect heat-stable factors promoting bacterial phagocytosis.
Complement pathway activation studies and antibody class determination.
Bacterial strain absorption tests to determine antigen specificity.

Main Results:

Phagocytosis-promoting factors were detected in sera between 10 and 60 days post-onset.
These factors were heat-stable, fixed to bacteria, and required the classical complement pathway.
The factors demonstrated specificity for Salmonella typhi, targeting the O antigen.
Evidence suggests these factors are IgG antibodies, distinct from natural IgM antibodies.

Conclusions:

Heat-stable IgG antibodies targeting Salmonella typhi O antigen are produced during typhoid fever.
These antibodies enhance bacterial phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes via the classical complement pathway.
The findings suggest a role for these antibodies in human resistance to Salmonella infection.

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