Cytogenetic methods in the detection of chemical carcinogens

Cytogenetic techniques may be used to detect genetic damage caused by environmental agents in eukaryotes. The significance of in vitro and in vivo assays for chromosome damage, sister chromatid exchange frequency, and occurrence of micronuclei is discussed in connection with their suitability for screening. Cytogenetic methods can also be used to monitor chromosomal changes in somatic cells of exposed groups of people, and they may have diagnostic and prognostic value in human neoplasms.