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The morals of risk assessment

R E Yodaiken

    Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
    |September 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Occupational cancer risk assessment is complex, involving scientific, political, and economic factors. Realistic assessments must consider all variables and individual risks, not just carcinogen potency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Toxicology
    • Occupational Medicine

    Background:

    • Occupational cancer risk assessment integrates diverse data, including animal experiments, human studies, and population data.
    • Political and economic influences significantly complicate the assessment of occupational cancer risks.
    • Confounding variables in human and animal studies present challenges in establishing clear cause-and-effect relationships.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the multifaceted nature of occupational cancer risk assessment.
    • To emphasize the need for realistic assessments that include technological feasibility.
    • To challenge the sole reliance on carcinogen "potency" as a control metric.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of methodologies in animal experimentation and human population studies for carcinogenicity.
    • Analysis of political and economic factors influencing risk assessment outcomes.
    • Consideration of technological feasibility in the context of risk management.

    Main Results:

    • Risk assessment for occupational cancer is inherently complex and hazardous.
    • Confounding variables significantly impact the reliability of both human and animal studies.
    • The concept of "potency" alone is an insufficient basis for controlling carcinogens.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective occupational cancer risk assessment requires a holistic approach, integrating scientific, political, economic, and technological considerations.
    • Individual risks must be acknowledged, even though risk assessment focuses on population-level outcomes.
    • A more nuanced approach beyond "potency" is necessary for robust carcinogen control strategies.

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