Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis): a case report

A juvenile male cynomolgus macaque was slightly depressed and had a rough haircoat. Cardiomegaly and pulmonary interstitial edema were found. A distinct fremitus was palpable over the right femoral canal. The only abnormal laboratory finding was an elevated total leukocyte count. A femoral arteriogram confirmed the diagnosis of femoral arteriovenous fistula. Surgical correction of the fistula was successful in reversing the heart failure. The history and anatomic location of the lesion suggested an iatrogenic cause.