Interstitial pneumonitis associated with mitomycin C and DTIC: a case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pulmonology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma requires combination chemotherapy.
• Mitomycin C and DTIC are commonly used chemotherapeutic agents.
• Drug-induced lung injury is a known but serious adverse effect.

Observation:

• A 58-year-old male developed interstitial pneumonitis during Mitomycin C and DTIC therapy.
• Symptoms included dry cough and exertional dyspnea.
• Pulmonary diffusion capacity was severely impaired, with characteristic chest x-ray findings.

Findings:

• Histological examination revealed pneumocyte changes, fibroblastic proliferation, and vascular obliteration.
• These findings were consistent with drug-induced interstitial pneumonia.
• The patient showed rapid improvement after drug withdrawal and corticosteroid treatment.

Implications:

• Mitomycin C and DTIC can cause severe, potentially life-threatening interstitial pneumonitis.
• Early recognition and prompt management are crucial for favorable outcomes.
• This case highlights the importance of monitoring pulmonary function during chemotherapy.