Recurrent pelvic intravenous leiomyomatosis

Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare neoplastic disorder in which benign smooth muscle tumor occurs in venous channels in the female pelvis. Recurrence of the tumor has previously been reported in only 2 cases. Two new cases of recurrent intravenous leiomyomatosis are presented. In 3 of the 4 cases there was functioning ovarian tissue at the time of recurrence; therefore, the possible etiologic role of endogenous estrogen in recurrence is discussed. Therapy should include bilateral oophorectomy.