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Magnesium toxicity: bone lesions

S R Lee, W M Britton, G N Rowland

    Poultry Science
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High dietary magnesium in broiler chicks caused poor growth, diarrhea, and rickets-like bone abnormalities. This indicates magnesium toxicity negatively impacts skeletal development and mineral homeostasis in young poultry.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Science
    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Nutritional Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Magnesium is an essential mineral for poultry health.
    • Excessive dietary mineral intake can lead to toxicity and adverse health effects.
    • Understanding the impact of magnesium on broiler development is crucial for feed formulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of toxic levels of dietary magnesium on broiler chick growth and skeletal development.
    • To characterize the bone abnormalities and mineral imbalances associated with magnesium intoxication.
    • To examine the impact on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.

    Main Methods:

    • Broiler chicks were fed corn-soy rations supplemented with toxic magnesium levels from one day of age.

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  • Growth performance, clinical signs, and skeletal abnormalities were assessed.
  • Tibial bone characteristics, including ash content and mineral ratios, were analyzed.
  • Histological examination of bone growth plates and parathyroid/ultimobranchial glands was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • Chicks exhibited poor growth, diarrhea, and skeletal deformities (shortened, thickened, bowed tibiae).
    • Tibial ash content was significantly reduced, indicating impaired bone mineralization.
    • Microscopic bone analysis revealed rachitic changes, including widened growth plates and excessive osteoid.
    • Increased dietary magnesium led to decreased calcium-phosphorus ratios and increased magnesium-phosphorus ratios in tibiae.
    • Parathyroid and ultimobranchial gland alterations suggested disrupted calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Toxic levels of dietary magnesium induce significant growth retardation and severe skeletal abnormalities resembling rickets in broiler chicks.
    • Magnesium intoxication disrupts bone mineralization and alters calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, affecting key endocrine glands.
    • These findings highlight the critical importance of maintaining appropriate magnesium levels in poultry feed to prevent toxicity and ensure optimal skeletal health.