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Ketamine: convulsant or anti-convulsant?

M S Myslobodsky, V Golovchinsky, M Mintz

    Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Ketamine hydrochloride demonstrated anticonvulsant effects, reducing seizure intensity and duration. However, lower doses prolonged some seizure symptoms, indicating complex interactions with convulsive mechanisms.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Ketamine hydrochloride is known for its anesthetic and analgesic properties.
    • Its effects on seizure activity, particularly in response to specific convulsants, require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the dose-dependent effects of ketamine hydrochloride on experimentally induced seizures.
    • To analyze the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes associated with ketamine administration during seizures.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered varying doses of ketamine hydrochloride (subcataleptic and narcotic-cataleptic) to rodents.
    • Induced seizures using picrotoxin and metrazol.
    • Monitored behavioral responses and recorded EEG activity.

    Main Results:

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    • High-dose ketamine (50-100 mg/kg) reduced picrotoxin convulsion intensity and eliminated metrazol-induced seizures.
    • Subcataleptic doses (5-20 mg/kg) prolonged mitigated seizure symptoms, especially with picrotoxin.
    • EEG showed "ketamine complexes" shifting to 2-4 Hz wave-spike discharges during seizures, with dissociation of EEG and behavioral seizure patterns at high doses.

    Conclusions:

    • Ketamine exhibits dose-dependent effects on seizure activity, with high doses showing anticonvulsant properties.
    • Mechanisms underlying seizure alleviation may paradoxically sustain mitigated seizure phenomena.
    • The precise neurochemical basis for ketamine's antiepileptic potential remains undetermined.