[Relation of the biliary tract to other upper abdominal organs]

Anatomically and functionally the biliary ducts belong to the duodenal connection system and in their disease they adequately influence liver, pancreas, duodenum, stomach and oesophagus, as they on the other hand not infrequently are affected by diseases of these organs. Particularly frequently the coincidence of diseases of the biliary duct and the liver and of diseases of biliary ducts and pancreas, respectively, are observed. But interesting results may also be expected by the clarification of the relations between cholelithiasis and condition after cholecystectomy, respectively, to the frequency of reflux of bile into the stomach and/or oesophagus and the development of stomach and oesophagus.