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Related Experiment Videos

Pneumococcal vaccine failures. Two case reports and review

C V Sumaya, R W Harbison, H A Britton

    American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
    |February 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Even vaccinated individuals can develop severe pneumococcal disease if their antibody response is poor. Immunosuppression and radiation therapy may impair vaccine effectiveness, necessitating further research for high-risk groups.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Vaccinology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • The licensed pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax) is intended to prevent severe pneumococcal disease.
    • Understanding vaccine efficacy in immunocompromised individuals is crucial for public health.

    Observation:

    • Six patients, including four previously reported, developed severe pneumococcal disease despite vaccination with Pneumovax.
    • These patients exhibited inadequate or inconsistent antibody responses to the vaccine.
    • Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and radiation, often for Hodgkin's disease, were identified as potential causes for the poor immune response.

    Findings:

    • Severe pneumococcal disease occurred in patients with low type-specific antibody levels, potentially below 215 ng/mL.
    • Antimicrobial prophylaxis was not being administered to these patients at the time of infection.

    Implications:

    • Further extensive vaccine trials are recommended, especially for high-risk populations like children.
    • The optimal timing for immunizing individuals undergoing radiation or immunosuppressive therapy requires further investigation.

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