Genetic diseases in Lebanon

Area of Science:

• Medical Genetics
• Population Genetics
• Human Genetics

Background:

• Lebanon has a high incidence of both common and rare genetic diseases.
• This is likely due to a mosaic of ethnic origins and high rates of consanguineous marriages in specific communities.
• Previous studies explored the genetic structure of the Lebanese population, classifying it as Caucasoid with observed Oriental traits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the genetic landscape of Lebanon.
• To document the types and distribution of genetic diseases within the Lebanese population.
• To highlight available genetic counseling and research initiatives in the country.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of dermatoglyphics.
• Studies on the type and distribution of genetic markers.
• Examination of protein variants within the Lebanese population.

Main Results:

• Identified specific genetic diseases prevalent in Lebanon, including familial paroxysmal polyserositis, familial hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, Dyggve-Melchoir-Clausen syndrome, Sandhoff disease, and various genetic hematologic diseases.
• Characterized the Lebanese population's genetic markers and protein variants.
• Confirmed the presence of Oriental traits alongside Caucasoid features.

Conclusions:

• The Lebanese population exhibits a significant burden of genetic diseases, influenced by its unique demographic and ethnic characteristics.
• Genetic counseling and medical care are accessible in Beirut.
• National scientific research councils actively support medical genetics programs in Lebanon.