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Interstitial fluid pressure changes during cardiopulmonary bypass

E R Rosenkranz, J R Utley, F J Menninger

    The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cardiopulmonary bypass increases interstitial fluid pressure in tissues like muscle, potentially due to fluid shifts. This rise helps counteract the drop in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure during the procedure.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Cardiovascular Surgery
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a critical procedure in cardiac surgery.
    • Hemodilution during CPB can alter fluid balance and tissue pressures.
    • Understanding interstitial fluid pressure changes is vital for managing CPB complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of CPB with hemodilution on interstitial fluid pressure.
    • To correlate these pressure changes with plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and bypass duration.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Scholander wick technique for interstitial fluid pressure measurement.
    • Conducted experiments on 10 mongrel dogs.
    • Measured pressure in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, stomach, and left ventricle before and during CPB.

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    Main Results:

    • Interstitial fluid pressure increased in subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle during CPB.
    • No significant change in interstitial fluid pressure was observed in the stomach.
    • End-diastolic interstitial fluid pressure in the left ventricle significantly increased.
    • Observed increases in interstitial fluid pressure were linked to increased interstitial water.

    Conclusions:

    • CPB with hemodilution leads to elevated interstitial fluid pressure in specific tissues.
    • The rise in interstitial fluid pressure partially offsets the decrease in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure.
    • These findings highlight the dynamic fluid shifts occurring during CPB.