Scanning electron microscopy of the human normal endometrium

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Cell biology
• Gynecology

Background:

• The human endometrium undergoes dynamic changes throughout the menstrual cycle.
• Understanding endometrial ultrastructure is crucial for reproductive success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the ultrastructural differences in the human endometrium between fertile and menopausal women.
• To correlate endometrial microstructures with reproductive function.

Main Methods:

• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy were utilized.
• The study analyzed endometrial tissue from 21 females (18 fertile, 3 menopausal).

Main Results:

• Cells with cilia and microvilli were exclusively observed in the endometrium of fertile women.
• These structures were absent in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:

• Cilia and microvilli in the endometrium likely play a role in sperm transport, oocyte nidation, and nutrition.
• The presence of these structures is dependent on ovarian hormonal activity.