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Developmental differences in visual backward masking

V W Lawrence, D W Kee, J B Hellige

    Child Development
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Developmental differences in visual recognition masking were studied. When ceiling effects were removed, visual information processing rates were equivalent across age groups, indicating no significant developmental differences in processing speed.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Visual recognition masking is a phenomenon where a target stimulus is made harder to perceive by the presence of a mask.
    • Developmental studies often investigate age-related changes in cognitive processes, including visual information processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine developmental differences in visual recognition masking.
    • To determine if age impacts the rate of visual information processing when verbal encoding and response demands are minimized.
    • To investigate the role of ceiling effects in previous findings of developmental differences.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments were conducted with participants from kindergarten to college age.
    • Experiment 1 used 100% correct no-mask target recognition, measuring backward masking across various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 2 adjusted no-mask target recognition to 75% to mitigate ceiling effects and re-evaluated backward masking across SOAs.

    • Main Results:

    • Experiment 1 showed a grade by SOA interaction, suggesting faster recognition improvement in older participants.
    • This interaction was attributed to ceiling effects in no-mask recognition, not necessarily processing speed differences.
    • Experiment 2, without ceiling effects, did not reveal the grade by SOA interaction, indicating equivalent processing rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Developmental differences observed in visual backward masking can be an artifact of ceiling effects in performance.
    • When ceiling effects are controlled, visual information processing rates are equivalent between children and adults.
    • This suggests that age does not inherently alter the fundamental speed of visual information processing.