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Spreading depression in isolated spinal cord

D S Streit1, C R Ferreira Filho, H Martins-Ferreira

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis, Instituto Biomédico, Universidde Federal Fluminense, R J, Brazil.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Isolated amphibian spinal cords can exhibit Leão's spreading depression (SD), a brain phenomenon. Specific conditions like hypotonicity and low chloride levels facilitate its occurrence and propagation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Leão's spreading depression (SD) is a wave of neuronal and glial depolarization.
  • SD is typically studied in the mammalian brain cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of Leão's spreading depression (SD) in isolated amphibian spinal cords.
  • To identify conditions that facilitate the elicitation and propagation of SD in this model.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings of extracellular voltage and potassium levels in isolated amphibian spinal cords.
  • Manipulation of extracellular microenvironment conditions, including osmolarity and ion concentrations (Cl-, K+, Mg2+).

Main Results:

  • Isolated amphibian spinal cords express SD, characterized by negative voltage transients (approx. -17 mV) and increased extracellular potassium (approx. 21 mM).

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  • SD can be evoked by hypotonicity, low extracellular chloride (< 20 mM), or potassium salt solutions, spreading at ~12 mm/min.
  • Spontaneous SD waves were observed in low chloride solutions, with frequency modulated by magnesium levels.

    • Conclusions:

    • The amphibian spinal cord is a viable model for studying Leão's spreading depression.
    • Extracellular ionic and osmotic conditions critically influence SD generation and propagation in the spinal cord.