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A framework for studying personality in the stress process

N Bolger1, A Zuckerman

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Personality traits like neuroticism influence stress exposure and reactivity. This study reveals differences in coping strategies and their effectiveness between high and low neuroticism individuals, impacting psychological outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Personality influences how individuals experience and respond to stress.
  • Previous models have not fully explored how personality affects both exposure to and reactivity to stressors.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for explaining personality's impact on health and psychological well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a framework for studying personality's role in the stress process.
  • To investigate how personality traits affect exposure to and reactivity to stressful events.
  • To examine the role of coping efforts and their effectiveness in mediating personality differences in stress reactivity.

Main Methods:

  • A 14-day daily study design was employed.

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  • 94 students participated in the study.
  • The study analyzed the relationships among neuroticism, daily interpersonal conflicts, coping strategies, and distress.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants with high neuroticism reported greater exposure to interpersonal conflicts.
    • High-neuroticism individuals exhibited heightened reactivity to conflicts.
    • Differences were observed in both the choice and effectiveness of coping efforts between high- and low-neuroticism participants.

    Conclusions:

    • Personality significantly impacts stress exposure and reactivity.
    • Coping strategies and their effectiveness are key mediators in the personality-stress relationship.
    • The proposed framework offers a more comprehensive understanding of personality's influence on stress and health outcomes.