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The Zavanelli maneuver for fetal shoulder dystocia. Three cases with poor outcomes
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa 33606, USA.
Background:
There are several reports on the management of severe fetal shoulder dystocia by pushing the head back into the vagina and delivering the infant by cesarean section; this procedure is called the Zavanelli maneuver.
Cases:
Three cases were reviewed to determine the outcomes of the infants. The three neonates all demonstrated severe perinatal hypoxia that ultimately resulted in brain damage and/or death.
Conclusion:
Management of shoulder dystocia using the Zavanelli maneuver carries a high risk of severe infant perinatal hypoxia and damage.
