[Acute cholecystitis as a problem of laparoscopic surgery]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Innovation
• Acute Care Surgery

Background:

• Acute cholecystitis presents a significant surgical challenge.
• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common treatment, but its application in acute cases requires careful consideration.
• Pre-existing biliary conditions can complicate surgical management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis.
• To analyze the types and frequency of complications associated with the procedure.
• To assess the impact of preoperative interventions on surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 89 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed for acute cholecystitis.
• Review of patient demographics, disease severity (catarrhal, phlegmonous, gangrenous), and preoperative interventions.
• Documentation of intraoperative and postoperative complications, including conversion to laparotomy.

Main Results:

• 89 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed on patients aged 17-82.
• 42 intraoperative and 18 postoperative complications occurred, with no fatal outcomes.
• Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy were utilized in a subset of patients, reducing the need for intraoperative cholangiography.

Conclusions:

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a viable and safe treatment option for acute cholecystitis across a wide age range.
• While complications can occur, they are manageable and do not preclude successful surgical outcomes.
• Careful patient selection and appropriate preoperative management can optimize surgical results.