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Relationship between strength qualities and sprinting performance

W Young1, B McLean, J Ardagna

  • 1Biomechanics Department, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia.

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Elite junior athletes

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Athletic Performance

Background:

  • Sprinting involves complex biomechanical actions.
  • Understanding the relationship between strength and sprint performance is crucial for training optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between various strength measures and sprint performance.
  • To determine if these strength-sprint relationships differ between sprint start and maximum velocity phases.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty elite junior track and field athletes (11 males, 9 females) participated.
  • Sprint times (to 50m) and block start forces were measured.
  • 27 strength and speed-strength measures (concentric, stretch shortening cycle, isometric) were collected via vertical jump analysis.

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Main Results:

  • Peak relative force during a 120-degree knee angle concentric jump best predicted sprint start (2.5m time).
  • Relative force at 100ms in a loaded jump best correlated with maximum sprint speed.
  • Stretch shortening cycle measures and maximal absolute strength were more related to maximum speed than starting ability.

Conclusions:

  • Strength qualities are significantly related to sprinting performance.
  • The specific strength measures that predict performance differ between the start and maximum velocity phases of sprinting.