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Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Lineage Commitment

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Production of Formed Elements

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...

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Related Experiment Video

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Direct Induction of Hemogenic Endothelium and Blood by Overexpression of Transcription Factors in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Expression of AML1 and ETO Transcripts in hematopoietic cells

T Era¹, N Asou, K Yamaguchi

¹Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.

|October 1, 1995

Summary

Researchers identified fusion transcripts from the AML1 and ETO genes in leukemia cells with t(8;21). These transcripts, consistently found in leukemia, suggest a crucial role for these genes in blood cell development (hematopoiesis).

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Genetics

Background:

The chromosomal translocation t(8;21) is a hallmark of certain leukemias.
The AML1 and ETO genes are located at the breakpoint of t(8;21).

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize fusion transcripts resulting from the t(8;21) translocation.
To investigate the expression patterns of AML1 and ETO in leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells.

Main Methods:

Isolation and identification of fusion transcripts using a leukemic cell line with t(8;21).
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis to detect transcript expression in fresh leukemic cells and various hematopoietic cell lineages.

Main Results:

Fusion transcripts involving AML1 and ETO were successfully isolated and identified.
These fusion transcripts were consistently detected in fresh leukemic cells carrying the t(8;21) translocation.
Wild-type ETO expression was observed in multiple hematopoietic cell types, while AML1 expression was ubiquitous across all investigated hematopoietic cells.

Conclusions:

The consistent expression of AML1-ETO fusion transcripts in t(8;21) leukemia highlights their significance in leukemogenesis.
The widespread expression of wild-type AML1 and ETO in normal hematopoietic cells suggests their fundamental roles in normal blood cell development and function.